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11 Декабря, №2


Graphs table.

    Certainly, it seems impossible describe all myriads of Chinese characters by using two hundreds of graphs. But I'll tryto do it. Note, it's not a traditional "radicals" in strict sense, it's set of "graphic image" only, set of graphs with his variants, which combines to Chinese characters by one way or another. You should be able see it in real corpus of Chinese characters (and happiness will come :).





No

picture

name

description

variants

1.

one

may be slightly sloping and mo­de­rately sloping, and in general the curve, as in the last example

2.

mouth

be careful, not to confuse "mo­uth" with the "surround" (№ 50). They differ only in size (the only case in hieroglyphics), but in the "mouth" nothing happens, and in the "surround" you can find a lot of things...


3.

second (cyclical sign of ten)

we will adopt following the tra­di­tion that as his variants should be considered: , , , etc.. A few variants, be careful. From simple to sophisticated, as in the last three examples. In the second example there are 2 variants of "second" together .


4.

man (on the left)



5.

man

The diversity (three variants) of "men" is collected into the "crowd". Note that the standard "fall­ing rightwards" turn effort­lessly to the "dot", when neces­sary, that actually allows us to incorpo­rate them in the graph № 10 (this "calligraphic trick" we will meet again and again).

6.

sun

in the examples, two variants of the sun, just to eyes accustomed: one very "stretched", another extremely "elongated"

7.

wrap



8.

white



9.

hand

covers all conceivable variants of "classic" hands except "" (№ 20). In combination with the "spe­ar" (№ 27) it is not clear who owns the horizontal line. In the second example, meets his vari­ant, in the third pulls up "the fin­ger". Well, in the last example is extremely simpl­ified "hand", which you will always be confus­ed with the com­bination of "fall­ing leftwards - one" (№ 12 - № 1). Be careful.

10.

dot

same as "falling rightwards", i.e. the line going from left to right, top to bottom, regardless of its length. Three variants of "dots" on the example of two characters in the next column.

11.

earth

differs from similar "scholar" (№ 102) ratio horizontal lines ("earth" has shorter upper stroke then low­er). In straitened cir­cum­stances slightly "tilts" the bottom line, as, for example, before "dra­gon" (a ve­ry common calli­gra­phic trick). 

12.

falling leftwards

can "lean" a little bit, being almost vertical, can recline thor­oughly as in the first example, and can al­most lie down supine, as in the se­cond example. In the third variant is reduced almost to a point, but al­ways retains its direction from top-right to left-down.

13.

knife

In the first example, the two "knives": almost classic, only slight­ly compressed by the weight from above, and above it "knife on the side". The second character is really "knife on top". Next two va­riants of "knife on the side", but they are all "knives" for us.

14.

tree

"tapering" of the "tree" by type "man"  (№ 5),  reducing "falling rightwards" to "dot" (№ 10).

15.

walk

It's almost always located on the left side of the character and un­derlines it from the bottom, but sometimes "hiding" inside.

16.

vertical stroke

vary only in length (sorry, height :).


17.

moon

in addition to the "standard" types there are 2 variants, but always recognizable.

18.

water

in version of the classic "water" is slightly changed middle hook. In the following example 2 "wa­ter": "water on the left and fre­quent variant "water" when it is "close­ly". And a unique case, when the water is "covering" sign and in­corporates 3 horizontal line (an example of "neglect" traditi­on, which believes that the radi­cal is "hand" here).   

19.

say (abbr.)

"full version " of radical (occurs much less frequently).

20.

hand (var.)

easily recognizable sign, variations only in height.


21.

two

encodes all the paired horizontal lines.


22.

heart

slightly flattened when it's locat­ed at the bottom. Habitual and frequ­ent version of "heart on the left" (example 3) and quite rare in the last example.

23.

antennae

is not necessarily at the top, may be lower, but then he "covers" some graph. Never found at the very bottom.

24.

private



25.

woman



26.

top



27.

spear

"reduced" version of the spear, in the tradition known as the radical "to hunt".

28.

big

several variants of the "big" quite recognizable and caused only by changes in the height or width of the sign.

29.

roof



30.

foretell

two variants of "foretell" in one character.

31.

ten



32.

strength



33.

hook



34.

inch



35.

thread (abbr.)

sometimes you can meet variant which probably has slipped thro­ugh "reform of simplify".

36.

leg

in some cases there is no hook on its upper horizontal

37.

eight

sometimes skips inside it­self another "objects" or able to "cover" the other graphs as in the last two examples.

38.

again

two variants, the second is found only in derived from the given character.

39.

beta

combines traditional "town-mo­und", because the style they are not distinguishable, and he is lo­cated on the left or on the right, is determined by the sequence of graphs in the description of the cha­racter, the­re­fore, the separation between "town" and "mound" seems re­dun­dant. No variants.


40.

eye

common variant "eyes" with elong­ated lower horizontal.

41.

king

predictable variant - it's the ex­pect­ed change of the lower hori­zontal ("two-in-one" in the ex­ample)

42.

grain

variant formed by the same type as that of the "tree" (№ 14) and of the "man" (№ 5) - reduction of fall­ing rightwards stroke.

43.

down box

one of the "covering" graphs, in­side of which is never empty, ex­cept for one character in com­bi­nation with the "surround" (№ 50). Four variants are shown.

44.

topknot

tradition regards it as a variant of "small" (№ 61), but it seems easi­er to consider it as a separate graph with two variants.

45.

self

of the three variants, the second one is "dangerous" because of its resemblance to the variant "seal" (№ 88).

46.

visor

in the traditional set there is no such thing, but sometimes it great­ly simplifies the description.


47.

son

a slightly modified horizontal al­ternate forms of this graph

48.

stand

when it located on the "side"  (№ 73) and on the "turban" (№ 84), apparently, for more stability, based not on the "one" (№ 1),  but on the "cover" (№ 94)

49.

moun­t-

­ain



50.

surround

compare with "mouth" (№ 2). If the inside of the object there is something, so it's not "mouth", but "surround" (funny first exam­ple is the "mouth" in the "sur­round") Co­vering graph. It can be empty in­side, but rarely (exam­ple 2 is in­teresting combination of two co­ver­ing graphs "down box" and "surround").

51.

child

pay attention to the third example, in which this graph passes the other graphs inside itself.

52.

evening

sometimes confused with the "moon" (№ 17) but more like a "meat on left" (№ 128)


53.

gate



54.

rice

a variant of rice that you will reco­gnize without my prompt.

55.

hook-to right

in the traditional set of radicals is missing. In addition to direct cor­respondence to the image, it en­codes also "a lower left corner" right up to right angle .

56.

steep

sometimes with a sloped top.

57.

strike (on right side)

be careful, it tends to be confused with "walk slowly" (№ 63).


58.

language


59.

tau

changes only the length of the top horizontal.

60.

grass (on top)



61.

small

occurs only slightly shortened ver­sion.

62.

old (abbr.)

tradition views it as variant of "old" (see example). But we will do the opposite, since this variant is en­countered incomparably more often than traditional.

63.

walk slowly

variants are very similar and re­cognizable. One of them even allows to put  a "dot" inside of it.

64.

two vertical

in tradition it absent, but very usef­ul because it make our life easi­er :).


65.

dagger



66.

sheep

shortened from the bottom, vari­ant  "sheep" loses "leg" (or "tail"?) and sometimes just slightly bent.

67.

village



68.

corpse

not to be confused with "door" (№ 110)


69.

stop

also quite predictable variant.

70.

field



71.

two hands



72.

shell



73.

side

located separately (example 1) or merging with other graphs (example 2) sometimes loses the top "dot".

74.

step



75.

work

predictable variant.

76.

cow

two variants: a "shortened" and "compressed"

77.

bamboo (on top)

traditional "full" bamboo, it seems, does not occur at all...


78.

fire

two variants of the same charac­ter: the first one is simply compressed laterally and easily recognizable, and the second... well, let us get used to that "the fire from below" also is "the fire"

79.

to



80.

exten­-­ sive



81.

see



82.

ax

based on "one", change its falling leftwards stroke to vertical stroke

83.

spirit

"spirit on the left" is less similar to its prototype than to variant of clothes (№ 117, clothes on left). Be careful.

84.

turban



85.

ice

be careful, it's very similar to va­riant of "water" (№ 18, water on the left).


86.

west (on top)

the full (traditional) variant of the "west", as in the example, is less common than abbreviated variant, and it is very similar to "wine" (№ 159). To avoid confusion in matrix an abbreviated variant of this graph is included to it.

87.

car



88.

seal

of the three variants of this graphs, the second is "dangerous" because of its similarity with the variant of graph "self" (№ 45).

89.

though

two compacted variants.

90.

dog

"dog on the left" occurs much more often then its traditional variant.

91.

give birth



92.

pig

in combination with "knife on top" (№ 13) - "mouth" (№ 2) or after the "pig's nose"  (№ 103) loses its top horizontal.

93.

weapon



94.

cover

"roof" (№ 29) without "dot" and without variants.


95.

asterisk - blank graph

the graph modifier, the blank graph, the asterisk ("*" as it appears in the description of the graphs sequence of some charact­ers and in the graph matrix) is a graph which does not have its own "image" but demonstrates the some modification of the graphs sequence.


96.

page



97.

jade



98.

leave



99.

ear



100.

sweet



101.

cross



102.

scholar

Chinese "scholar" is different from "earth" (№ 11), except the first elongated horizontal, so that is always right, regardless of the size or tightness. No variants. 


103.

pig's nose (abbr.)

sometimes stretches out the "nose" trying to look like "brush" (№ 141), but never linked with the "ver­tical stroke" (№ 16) , "hook" (№ 33) and "falling leftwards" (№ 12). Sometimes, as in the second example, pulls the lower hori­zon­tal. Full version meets today rarely (example 3). 

104.

gold

most often used in the abbreviated form "gold on the left" (example 1). In the second example, the cu­rious case of merger "father" (№ 131) and "gold"

105.

bow



106.

bird without tail



107.

chip

a simplified version of "chips". Sometimes it may be situated on the right and then it looks diff­e­rently (example 1). Full traditional variant is very rare, with slightly varies (examples 2, 3 and 4).

108.

small table

reduced small table "flexes" one its leg

109.

blue



110.

door

the variant is old "door" (the rest of traditional style).

111.

use

sometimes "straightens" the falling leftwards stroke.

112.

clan

the top falling leftwards can be "masked" by another graph, and the horizontals turn into falling leftwards

113.

tongue



114.

oneself



115.

recep­- tacle

usually covering graph himself comes inside "surround" (№ 50).

116.

arrow



117.

clothes

unexpectedly turned out to be co­vering graph. Lets place the other graphs under the "hat", and some­times just loses it as in se­cond example. But more often you may meet the "shortened" version of the "clothes" – the so-called "clo­thes on the left". Be­ware, this va­riant is very simi­lar to the "spirit on the left" (№ 83), added only a small falling leftwards on the right.

118.

foot (on the left)

the full version of "foot" is quite rare.

119.

sound



120.

go

covering graph. It may have a lot of things inside it. Be careful when decomposition.

121.

cave

expected modification of the "cave" in the first example and the unexpected loss of the top dot in the second...

122.

stem



123.

rock



124.

and



125.

long



126.

owe



127.

horse



128.

meat (on the left)

very similar to the "moon" (№ 17) and they are often confused, but it is a separate thing, please pay atten­tion to it, I specifically chose a font that draws "meat on the left" by other way than the "moon". The full version of "meat" (see example) occurs much less frequently.

129.

claw (on top)



130.

chief



131.

father



132.

face



133.

jorney



134.

hair



135.

horn



136.

stream

in the first example "stream" flex­es his last vertical line. There are another version of "stream" (example 2) and a shortened "ver­sion of version" (example 3). And the last reduction to the state of the three verticals.

137.

skin



138.

high



139.

compare



140.

enclose



141.

brush

compare with "pig's nose" (№ 103)

142.

reptile



143.

utensil



144.

without

the second horizontal line takes a hook on the left when the graph is repeated (compressing the right leg) or is located after the "though" (№ 89)

145.

evil



146.

non-



147.

body



148.

worm

located on the "shell" it loses the right "dot".

149.

branch



150.

rain

the "flat" version of "rain" is more often than traditional (51:2)

151.

dipper



152.

net (abbr.)

rare "full" version of the "net". In combination with other graphs are not noticed.

153.

sick



154.

air



155.

food (on the left)

in seclusion acquires a traditional "classic" look.

156.

neat



157.

enter



158.

fourth (cyclical sign of 12)

lying on top is compressed, as in the first example. In one case acts as a covering graph, passing in­ward "though" (№ 89). 

159.

wine



160.

boat

it was discovered only one variant when the "boat" lost the bottom "dot"

161.

slice



162.

tooth



163.

valley



164.

pick



165.

leather



166.

wind



167.

bean



168.

box



169.

lame

in this embodiment the "lame" has feet clearly different length. Of the 18 characters with graph the lame this variant, when it under­lines the next graph, is found three times.

170.

servant

in some cases, loses internal vertical lines.

171.

insignificant

in a variant  "dot" changes to fall­ing leftwards. This variant, by the way, occurs in texts much more then standard

172.

soft leather 



173.

bird

variant without an internal "dot". In graphs sequences referred to as *.


174.

wool



175.

black



176.

pungent



177.

hemp



178.

abstruse



179.

amphora



180.

fish



181.

feather



182.

tiger



183.

mortar

it often acts as a covering graph, significantly changing in only one variant.

184.

dragon



185.

fly



186.

 ghost



187.

yellow



188.

jug



189.

morning



190.

bone



191.

footsteps



192.

long hair

tradition claims it's "long hair on the head" but in the example it lost "hair".

193.

perfume



194.

lance



195.

melon



196.

 plow



197.

tile



198.

teeth



199.

track

changes only in combination with the "field" (№ 70)

200.

error




 
 
 
 


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11 Декабря, №2